Ferrous Sulphate Granules: A Comprehensive Overview Ferrous sulphate granules, also known as iron(II) sulphate granules, are a widely used form of iron supplement and industrial chemical. Composed of iron, sulphur, and oxygen, this compound typically appears as pale green or blue-green granules, though its color may vary depending on hydration levels. The most common forms include the heptahydrate (FeSO₄·7H₂O) and monohydrate (FeSO₄·H₂O) variants, each with distinct properties and applications. Chemical and Physical Properties Ferrous sulphate granules are highly soluble in water, producing a light green solution. They are hygroscopic, meaning they absorb moisture from the air, which can lead to caking or oxidation if not stored properly. When exposed to air, ferrous sulphate gradually oxidizes to ferric sulphate (Fe₂(SO₄)₃), turning yellowish-brown. To prevent degradation, the granules are often packaged in moisture-resistant containers. The compound has a characteristic metallic, astringent taste and is acidic in aqueous solutions. It decomposes at high temperatures, releasing sulphur dioxide (SO₂) and leaving behind iron(III) oxide (Fe₂O₃). Applications 1. Nutritional Supplement Ferrous sulphate is a key ingredient in iron supplements, prescribed to treat or prevent iron-deficiency anemia. The granules are often encapsulated or mixed with other nutrients to improve absorption. Iron is essential for hemoglobin production, oxygen transport, and metabolic processes. 2. Agriculture In agriculture, ferrous sulphate granules serve as a soil amendment to correct iron chlorosis (yellowing of leaves due to iron deficiency) in crops. They also act as a moss killer in lawns and a component in fertilizers to enhance plant growth. 3. Water Treatment The granules are used in water purification to remove phosphates and hydrogen sulphide, reducing odor and algae growth in reservoirs and wastewater systems. 4. Industrial Uses Ferrous sulphate is a reducing agent in chemical manufacturing, a precursor for other iron compounds, and a mordant in textile dyeing. It also finds use in cement production, ink formulation, and wood preservation. Safety and Handling While beneficial, ferrous sulphate granules must be handled with care. Ingestion of large quantities can cause iron toxicity, leading to nausea, abdominal pain, or severe poisoning. Proper storage in a cool, dry place is essential to maintain stability. Industrial users should wear protective gear to avoid skin or eye irritation. Environmental Impact Excessive release into water bodies can harm aquatic life due to oxygen depletion. However, controlled use in agriculture and water treatment supports sustainable practices by improving soil health and water quality. In summary, ferrous sulphate granules are a versatile compound with critical roles in health, agriculture, and industry. Their effectiveness depends on proper formulation, storage, and application to maximize benefits while minimizing risks.